Fauna in focus: The Woylie – Western Australia’s ecosystem engineer

Written by Melissa Adams, JCAFA

The Woylie, or Brush-tailed Bettong (Bettongia penicillata), is a small, nocturnal marsupial native to Western Australia, belonging to the ‘rat-kangaroo’ family. Once widespread across much of the Australian mainland, the Woylie now exists in fragmented populations, including a crucial wild colony within the Julimar State Forest region. Classified as critically endangered, the Woylie’s survival is an indicator of a healthy, functioning ecosystem.

Despite its small stature, the Woylie plays a disproportionately large and essential role in forest ecology. It is affectionately known as an “ecosystem engineer” due to its foraging habits. Each night, a single Woylie can dig dozens of small pits in the soil, searching for its primary food source: underground fungi (truffles).

The benefits of this digging activity are manifold:

Fungi dispersal: The fungi that Woylies eat are often mycorrhizal, meaning they form symbiotic relationships with the roots of eucalypts and other native plants. By consuming the fruiting bodies and depositing the spores elsewhere in their scat, Woylies effectively seed the forest floor, ensuring the survival and growth of the host trees.

Soil aeration and water infiltration: The constant digging—often referred to as ‘bioturbation’—turns over the leaf litter and topsoil, which aerates the ground and increases water penetration, helping the soil retain moisture during dry periods.

Litter reduction and fire management: By distributing and breaking up heavy leaf litter, Woylies contribute to the natural cycling of nutrients and help reduce the fuel load, slightly lowering the intensity of potential bushfires.

The presence of Woylies in areas like Julimar State Forest is therefore not just about preserving a single species; it is critical for maintaining the biodiversity, nutrient cycling, and overall resilience of the entire forest. Their conservation is paramount to the health of Western Australia’s forests and woodlands.

A woylie caught on camera, foraging

A woylie caught on camera in Julimar State Forest

A woylie caught on camera, foraging
A Woylie in scrub. Stock photo by phototrip.cz.

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